Tar Roof Shingles: A Comprehensive Guide
Choosing the right roofing material is a critical decision for any homeowner. The roof is your home’s primary defense against the elements, protecting you, your family, and your belongings from rain, snow, wind, and sun. Among the many roofing options available, tar roof shingles, also commonly known as asphalt shingles, stand out as a popular and versatile choice. This comprehensive guide will delve into the world of tar roof shingles, exploring their various types, advantages, disadvantages, installation processes, maintenance requirements, and much more. Whether you’re a first-time homeowner or a seasoned property owner looking to re-roof, this information will help you make an informed decision.
What are Tar Roof Shingles?
Tar roof shingles, or asphalt shingles, are a type of roofing material widely used in residential and commercial construction. They are made from a base layer of either fiberglass or organic felt, which is then saturated with asphalt and coated with mineral granules. These granules provide protection from ultraviolet (UV) rays, add color, and enhance the shingle’s overall durability and fire resistance. The asphalt acts as a waterproofing agent, preventing water from penetrating the roof and causing leaks. The combination of these materials creates a robust and relatively inexpensive roofing solution.
Types of Tar Roof Shingles
Tar roof shingles come in several different types, each offering its own unique characteristics and benefits. Understanding these variations is crucial for selecting the right shingles for your specific needs and budget.
3-Tab Shingles
3-Tab shingles are the most basic and economical type of asphalt shingle. They are characterized by their uniform shape and flat appearance, featuring three distinct tabs that are separated by cutouts. These shingles are lightweight and easy to install, making them a popular choice for budget-conscious homeowners. However, 3-tab shingles typically have a shorter lifespan compared to other types of asphalt shingles and offer less wind resistance. Their lifespan is generally around 15-20 years.
Architectural Shingles (Dimensional Shingles)
Architectural shingles, also known as dimensional shingles or laminate shingles, are a step up from 3-tab shingles in terms of both appearance and performance. They are constructed with multiple layers of asphalt, which are laminated together to create a thicker, more durable shingle with a three-dimensional look. Architectural shingles offer a wider range of styles and colors, often mimicking the appearance of more expensive roofing materials like wood shake or slate. They are more resistant to wind and weather damage and typically have a longer lifespan than 3-tab shingles, often lasting 25-30 years or more.
Premium Shingles
Premium shingles represent the highest tier of asphalt shingles. These shingles are designed to offer exceptional durability, longevity, and aesthetic appeal. They are often made with enhanced materials and advanced manufacturing techniques, resulting in superior resistance to wind, hail, and UV degradation. Premium shingles may also feature unique designs and color blends that add a distinctive look to your home. While they are more expensive than other types of asphalt shingles, premium shingles offer a long-term investment in the protection and beauty of your home.
Impact-Resistant Shingles
Impact-resistant shingles are specifically designed to withstand the impact of hail and other debris. These shingles are made with a modified asphalt compound that is more flexible and less prone to cracking or breaking upon impact. They are often rated according to the UL 2218 standard, which classifies shingles based on their resistance to steel balls dropped from varying heights. Impact-resistant shingles can help reduce the risk of roof damage from severe weather and may qualify homeowners for insurance discounts in certain areas.
Advantages of Tar Roof Shingles
Tar roof shingles offer a number of compelling advantages that contribute to their widespread popularity.
Cost-Effectiveness
One of the primary reasons why homeowners choose tar roof shingles is their affordability. Compared to other roofing materials like tile, metal, or slate, asphalt shingles are significantly less expensive to purchase and install. This makes them an attractive option for homeowners on a budget.
Ease of Installation
Asphalt shingles are relatively easy to install, which helps to keep labor costs down. The shingles are lightweight and can be easily cut and fastened to the roof deck using nails or staples. This straightforward installation process makes asphalt shingles a popular choice for both professional roofers and experienced DIYers.
Versatility
Tar roof shingles are compatible with a wide range of roof styles and designs. They can be installed on roofs with varying slopes and can be easily adapted to accommodate complex roof features like dormers, chimneys, and skylights. This versatility makes asphalt shingles a suitable option for virtually any home.
Variety of Styles and Colors
Asphalt shingles are available in a wide array of styles, colors, and textures. This allows homeowners to choose shingles that complement their home’s architectural style and personal preferences. Whether you’re looking for a classic, traditional look or a more modern, contemporary aesthetic, there’s an asphalt shingle option to suit your needs.
Fire Resistance
Tar roof shingles offer good fire resistance, helping to protect your home from the spread of fire. Most asphalt shingles are Class A fire-rated, which is the highest fire-resistance rating available. This means that they can withstand severe fire exposure without igniting or contributing to the spread of flames.
Availability
Asphalt shingles are readily available at most home improvement stores and roofing supply retailers. This widespread availability makes it easy to find the shingles you need, when you need them. It also ensures that replacement shingles are readily accessible should you need to repair your roof in the future.
Disadvantages of Tar Roof Shingles
While tar roof shingles offer many advantages, it’s important to be aware of their potential drawbacks as well.
Shorter Lifespan Compared to Other Materials
Compared to materials like metal, tile, or slate, asphalt shingles have a relatively shorter lifespan. While some premium asphalt shingles can last for 30 years or more, most asphalt shingle roofs will need to be replaced after 15-25 years, depending on the climate and the quality of the shingles. This shorter lifespan can result in higher long-term costs due to the need for more frequent replacements.
Susceptibility to Weather Damage
Tar roof shingles can be susceptible to damage from severe weather conditions, such as high winds, hail, and extreme temperature fluctuations. High winds can lift or tear off shingles, while hail can cause dents and cracks. Extreme temperature changes can cause the shingles to expand and contract, leading to cracking and premature aging.
Environmental Concerns
Asphalt shingles are made from petroleum-based products, which are non-renewable resources. The manufacturing and disposal of asphalt shingles can also contribute to environmental pollution. While some manufacturers are exploring more sustainable options, asphalt shingles are generally not considered to be an environmentally friendly roofing material.
Aesthetic Limitations
While asphalt shingles are available in a variety of styles and colors, they may not offer the same aesthetic appeal as other roofing materials like wood shake, slate, or tile. Some homeowners may find the appearance of asphalt shingles to be less visually appealing than these more premium options.
Algae Growth
In certain climates, asphalt shingles can be susceptible to algae growth. Algae can cause unsightly black streaks and stains on the roof, which can detract from the home’s curb appeal. Algae-resistant shingles are available, but they typically cost more than standard shingles.
Tar Roof Shingle Installation
Proper installation is crucial to ensure the longevity and performance of your tar roof shingles. It’s generally recommended to hire a professional roofing contractor to handle the installation, but experienced DIYers may be able to tackle the project themselves. Here are the general steps involved in installing asphalt shingles:
Preparation
Before installing new shingles, the existing roof must be properly prepared. This includes removing the old shingles, inspecting the roof deck for any damage or rot, and making any necessary repairs. The roof deck should be clean, dry, and free of debris.
Underlayment
Once the roof deck is prepared, a layer of underlayment is installed. Underlayment is a water-resistant barrier that provides an extra layer of protection against leaks. It is typically made of asphalt-saturated felt or synthetic materials. The underlayment is rolled out over the roof deck and fastened in place with nails or staples.
Drip Edge
Drip edge is a metal flashing that is installed along the edges of the roof to prevent water from running behind the fascia board. It is typically installed along the eaves and rakes (the sloped edges of the roof).
Starter Course
A starter course of shingles is installed along the eaves. This course is specifically designed to provide a seal and prevent water from getting under the first course of full shingles. The starter course is typically installed with a self-adhesive strip that helps to bond it to the underlayment.
Shingle Installation
The shingles are then installed in overlapping courses, starting from the bottom of the roof and working upwards. Each shingle is fastened to the roof deck with nails, ensuring that the nails are properly positioned and driven in straight. The shingles are typically installed in a staggered pattern to prevent water from seeping through the seams.
Flashing
Flashing is installed around chimneys, vents, skylights, and other roof penetrations to prevent leaks. Flashing is typically made of metal and is carefully integrated with the shingles to create a watertight seal.
Ridge Caps
Ridge caps are installed along the ridge of the roof to provide a finished look and to protect the ridge from water damage. Ridge caps are typically made of the same material as the shingles and are installed with nails.
Tar Roof Shingle Maintenance
Proper maintenance can help to extend the lifespan of your tar roof shingles and prevent costly repairs. Here are some tips for maintaining your asphalt shingle roof:
Regular Inspections
Inspect your roof regularly for any signs of damage, such as missing, cracked, or curled shingles. Also, check for any signs of leaks, such as water stains on the ceiling or walls. It’s best to inspect your roof at least twice a year, preferably in the spring and fall.
Clean Debris
Keep your roof free of debris, such as leaves, branches, and pine needles. Debris can trap moisture and promote algae growth, which can damage the shingles. Use a broom, leaf blower, or garden hose to remove debris from your roof.
Trim Overhanging Branches
Trim any overhanging tree branches that could potentially damage your roof. Branches can rub against the shingles in the wind, causing them to wear down prematurely. They can also drop debris onto the roof, which can clog gutters and promote algae growth.
Clean Algae Growth
If you notice any algae growth on your roof, clean it as soon as possible. You can use a solution of water and bleach to kill the algae. Apply the solution to the affected areas and let it sit for 15-20 minutes, then rinse it off with a garden hose. Be sure to follow safety precautions when working with bleach.
Repair Damage Promptly
If you find any damage to your roof, repair it promptly. Minor repairs can prevent more serious problems from developing. You can repair minor damage yourself, but it’s best to hire a professional roofing contractor for more extensive repairs.
Clean Gutters Regularly
Clean your gutters regularly to prevent them from becoming clogged. Clogged gutters can cause water to back up onto the roof, which can lead to leaks. Clean your gutters at least twice a year, preferably in the spring and fall.
Tar Roof Shingle Costs
The cost of tar roof shingles can vary depending on several factors, including the type of shingle, the size of your roof, the complexity of the installation, and the labor rates in your area. Here’s a general overview of the factors that influence the cost:
Type of Shingle
As mentioned earlier, different types of asphalt shingles have different price points. 3-tab shingles are typically the least expensive, while architectural shingles and premium shingles are more expensive. Impact-resistant shingles also tend to be more costly.
Size of Roof
The size of your roof is a major factor in determining the overall cost of a roofing project. The larger the roof, the more materials and labor will be required, which will increase the cost.
Complexity of Installation
The complexity of the installation can also affect the cost. Roofs with steep slopes, multiple levels, or complex architectural features will be more difficult and time-consuming to install, which will increase labor costs.
Labor Rates
Labor rates can vary depending on your location and the experience of the roofing contractor. In general, labor rates are higher in urban areas than in rural areas. It’s important to get quotes from several different contractors to compare prices and ensure that you’re getting a fair deal.
Additional Costs
In addition to the cost of the shingles and labor, there may be other costs associated with a roofing project, such as the cost of removing the old shingles, disposing of debris, and repairing any damage to the roof deck. Be sure to factor these costs into your budget when planning a roofing project.
Estimating the Cost
A typical asphalt shingle roof installation can range from $3.50 to $5.50 per square foot, including materials and labor. This is just a rough estimate, and the actual cost may vary depending on the factors mentioned above. The best way to get an accurate estimate is to contact several roofing contractors in your area and get quotes for your specific project.
Choosing a Roofing Contractor
Selecting the right roofing contractor is essential for ensuring a successful and long-lasting roof installation. Here are some tips for choosing a roofing contractor:
Get Referrals
Ask friends, family, and neighbors for referrals to reputable roofing contractors. Personal recommendations can be a valuable source of information.
Check Credentials
Make sure that the roofing contractor is licensed and insured. A licensed contractor has met certain qualifications and is authorized to perform roofing work in your area. Insurance protects you from liability in case of accidents or damage during the project.
Read Reviews
Read online reviews of roofing contractors to get an idea of their reputation and quality of work. Check review sites like Google, Yelp, and the Better Business Bureau.
Get Multiple Quotes
Get quotes from several different roofing contractors before making a decision. Compare the quotes carefully, paying attention to the details of what is included in each quote.
Check References
Ask the roofing contractor for references from previous customers. Contact the references and ask about their experience with the contractor.
Review the Contract
Carefully review the contract before signing it. Make sure that the contract includes a detailed description of the work to be performed, the materials to be used, the payment schedule, and any warranties.
Ask Questions
Don’t be afraid to ask the roofing contractor any questions you have about the project. A reputable contractor will be happy to answer your questions and address any concerns you may have.
Conclusion
Tar roof shingles, or asphalt shingles, remain a popular and cost-effective roofing option for homeowners. Their affordability, ease of installation, versatility, and wide availability make them an attractive choice for a variety of homes and budgets. While they may not have the same lifespan or aesthetic appeal as some higher-end roofing materials, proper installation and maintenance can significantly extend their lifespan and enhance their performance. By understanding the different types of tar roof shingles, their advantages and disadvantages, and the importance of proper installation and maintenance, you can make an informed decision about whether asphalt shingles are the right choice for your home. Remember to consult with a qualified roofing contractor to discuss your specific needs and get professional advice on selecting and installing the best roofing solution for your home.
